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Every page of the site in one place.
Main pages
Areas of work and their topics
- State employees and official discipline
- Disciplinary penalties under the State employee discipline law
- The investigative committee and the employee’s rights during the investigation
- Grievance against a disciplinary penalty and appeal to the Court of Employees’ Judiciary
- Suspension from duty (sahb al-yad): when it is ordered and how it affects pay
- The Court of Employees’ Judiciary and the Administrative Judiciary Court
- Service disputes: promotion, increment and transfer
- Absence, abandonment of the post, and resignation
- Erasure and cancellation of a disciplinary penalty
- May a State employee be punished without an investigative committee, or twice for the same act?
- Duties and prohibitions of the public employee under the discipline law
- Cassation of decisions of the Court of Employees’ Judiciary
- Time limit for challenging a decision before the Administrative Judiciary Court
- Time limit for an administrative investigation of a State employee
- Iraq’s Council of State and the framework of its two courts
- The difference between dismissal and removal under the State employee discipline law
- May a dismissed or removed State employee be reinstated?
- Step-by-step procedure for imposing a disciplinary penalty
- Duration of suspension from duty and challenging the order
- Ending a State employee’s service
- The probationary period for a State employee
- Conditions for appointing a State employee
- Stay of execution of an administrative decision in Iraqi law
- Study leave for a State employee
- Challenging an administrative decision before the Administrative Judiciary Court: for individuals and companies, not only employees
- Retirement transactions
- Early retirement in Iraq: when can a State employee request retirement?
- Retirement on health grounds and the medical committee in Iraq
- What counts as pensionable service, and how is earlier service added?
- A deceased employee's pension: survivors' rights after the death of an employee or pensioner
- The retirement gratuity, the monthly lump sum and the end-of-service award
- Objecting to a National Pension Authority decision before the Pensioners' Cases Audit Council
- State employee pensions vs. private-sector worker pensions: what is the difference?
- Calculating a pension in Iraq
- Compulsory referral to retirement
- What the 2019 amendment to the Unified Pension Law changed
- Does the Unified Pension Law apply to military personnel?
- The Internal Security Forces Service and Pension Law
- May two pensions be combined?
- Work after retirement and reappointment of a pensioner
- When a pension is stopped or cut
- Paying to add pensionable service in Iraq
- The pensioner identity card
- Steps of a retirement transaction
- The State Employees’ Pension Fund
- Pension confirmation
- University-service retirement
- The retirement referral order
- Counting advocacy practice for pension purposes
- Applications before the Political Prisoners and Martyrs foundations
- Who is covered by the Political Prisoners Foundation Law?
- Proving political imprisonment or detention before the Special Committee
- Political prisoner and detainee rights and entitlements
- Challenging a non-coverage decision under the Political Prisoners Foundation Law
- Who is a martyr, and who are the martyr's family, under the Martyrs Foundation Law
- A martyr's file: the review committee, the grievance and the Appeals Committee
- Combining entitlements from the Political Prisoners and Martyrs Foundations with other salaries
- The political prisoner's salary: entitlement, duration and when it ceases
- The Martyrs Foundation salary and who may receive it
- The Political Prisoners Foundation compensatory grant
- Political Prisoners Foundation notifications and their effect on time limits
- Where to approach the Political Prisoners Foundation in Baghdad and the governorates
- Where to approach the Martyrs Foundation in Baghdad and the governorates
- The martyr's family identity document: issue and renewal
- The martyr's certificate and the death certificate in a Martyrs Foundation file
- Privileges of a martyr's family according to the kinship ties in the text
- Education privileges of a martyr's family in admission, study and universities
- Appointment of a martyr's family and confirmation rules
- A plot of land and a housing unit for a martyr's family
- The Department of Popular Mobilization Forces martyrs at the Martyrs Foundation
- Pension batches at the Political Prisoners Foundation
- Hajj at the Martyrs Foundation
- A claim for compensation after an injury in a terrorist operation
- The compensation sub-committee and the Central Committee: who decides what?
- Medical report and disability percentage in a terrorism injury compensation file
- Compensation for the families of martyrs, missing and kidnapped persons under Law No. 20 of 2009
- Compensation for property damaged by terrorist and military operations
- Objecting to a compensation committee decision and challenging it before the Administrative Judiciary Court
- Time limits in compensation files for victims of terrorist operations
- Military errors and war operations: who else does the Law compensate besides victims of terrorism?
- Amendments to Compensation Law No. 20 of 2009
- Where to file a compensation application: the subcommittee in the governorate
- The first and second central committees for compensation
- Steps in a file for compensation of those harmed by terrorist and war operations
- The deed of absence of a missing or kidnapped person in a compensation file
- A declaration of death of a missing person, and the deed of death, in the compensation law
- Compensation for a service member’s disability rating
- Rights of those wounded as victims of terrorism and war operations
- The medical committee and the schedule for determining the disability rating
- Documents required in a compensation file
- Priority of payment of compensation under Article 16 of Law No. 2 of 2020
- Investigative papers in deaths covered by the compensation law
- Transferring a compensation file from one governorate to another
- Medical re-examination of an injured person every five years
- May compensation under Law 20 of 2009 be combined with another compensation for the same harm?
- Marriage, dissociation, maintenance, and custody
- Personal Status Law No. 188 of 1959: what applies today
- Judicial separation and its grounds before the Personal Status Court
- Registering a divorce in court, and revocable versus irrevocable talaq
- The maintenance claim: wife and children, increase and loss
- Custody and visitation: custody age and when custody ends
- Prompt and deferred dower (mahr)
- Death deed, inheritance deed (qassam) and distributing an estate
- Khul under Personal Status Law No. 188
- Removing a guardian (wasi) under Iraqi law
- Proving filiation (nasab) under Iraqi law
- Nushuz and the obedience (mutawa'a) claim under Iraqi personal status law
- Separation for non-support under Iraqi law
- Separation for a husband's absence, desertion or disappearance in Iraqi law
- Maintenance of parents by a well-off child under Iraqi law
- Waiting-period ('idda) maintenance in Iraqi law: who is owed it and for how long
- The obligatory bequest in Iraqi law for children of a predeceased son or daughter
- A criminal complaint and its course
- Iraq's Criminal Procedure Code No. 23 of 1971: a map of its six books
- Filing a criminal complaint and reporting an offence
- Pretrial detention and release on bail during a criminal investigation
- Waiving the personal right in a criminal case
- Conciliation (sulh) in a criminal case, and the victim's pardon after judgment
- A claim between persons in the civil court
- A dispute arising from an employment contract
- End-of-service entitlements under Labour Law No. 37 of 2015
- Which labour and social-security rules apply in the governorates and in the Kurdistan Region?
- What is reviewed in the employment contract, a non-Iraqi's work permit, and social-security enrolment?
- When a job ends in Iraq: who ends it, on what ground, and what follows
- What does the Labour Law require of workplace internal rules? A statutory reading
- Labour rules for oil, construction and logistics companies in Basrah
- The Court of Labor in Basrah, termination of the contract, and the end-of-service gratuity
- An employer’s duties to staff in Iraq, arranged by when they fall due
- Where is an employment contract registered in the Kurdistan Region?
- Employer registration on the Kurdistan Region labour portal
- Where is a labour claim filed in Nasiriyah and Dhi Qar?
- Labour Law No. 37 of 2015: its chapters and the questions they raise
- The role of the Federal Court of Cassation and the Labour Cases Panel in labour disputes
- Clearance and a release between the worker and the employer
- From a request letter to a registered agreement: collective bargaining in Iraq, step by step
- When wages arrive late: the calendar the Labour Law sets and the path to recover them
- Fixed-term and open-ended employment contracts
- “Stay late tonight” and “put off your leave”: the limits on what an employer can ask
- The employer's duties toward a foreign worker's residence
- Before you apply to hire a non-Iraqi: a fitness test and the duties that follow a permit
- How is a labour dispute taken to the Department before the Court of Labor?
- Labour inspection and the powers of the inspection committee
- The violation report and the employer’s position before inspection
- Has Labour Law No. 37 of 2015 been amended, and what is the status of any amendment proposal?
- Non-compete and confidentiality clauses in the employment contract
- The employer’s occupational safety and health duties
- A foreign oil company hiring in Iraq: six labour questions before day one
- Fewer hours or working away from the office: how to write the agreement
- Building the year's calendar in a private workplace: paid rest, feast days, and work on a holiday
- Resignation under the Labour Law
- Strike under Iraqi labour legislation in force
- Wages and social security of subcontractor workers: who bears them?
- Trainee, worker on probation, or employee? Three relationships with similar names
- When a business is sold, merged or leased: who still owes the workers?
- Permitted deductions from a worker’s wage
- When is the person working for you a “worker” in law?
- A workplace injury in the private sector: the compensation route under two statutes
- Transfer, secondment, or a change of a worker’s workplace
- The first day after a workplace accident: an employer’s checklist hour by hour
- The establishment’s internal regulations: when they are required and what they must contain
- Types of leave under Iraqi Labour Law No. 37 of 2015
- Probation in an Iraqi employment contract, and when the contract may end during it
- Wages when work stops, and force majeure, under Iraqi labour law
- What the law makes an employer pay for an Iraqi or a foreign worker
- Private-sector worker rights under Iraq's Labour Law No. 37 of 2015
- Settlement by agreement to arbitrate, and what follows
- Traffic, Vehicle Accidents and Compulsory Insurance
- Compulsory Motor Insurance and Traffic Compensation
- Traffic Law: Offences and Vehicle Impound
- After a Collision or Run-Over: The Record and Your Rights
- Civil Compensation Claim for a Traffic Accident
- Criminal Liability in Traffic Accidents
- Objecting to a Traffic Fine
- Driving Licence: Grant, Withdrawal and Renewal
- Owner, Driver and Insurer Liability
- Releasing an Impounded Vehicle
- Heavy Machinery and Government Vehicle Accidents
- Online and Social Media Offences
- Online Threats and Extortion
- Online Defamation and Insult
- Publishing Private Photos and Chats
- Electronic Fraud
- Hacked Account or Phone Complaint
- Electronic Evidence before the Investigating Court
- Impersonation and Fake Accounts
- Online Offences against Children
- Police Station or Investigating Judge
- Reporter Liability and Publication during Investigation
- Integrity Commission and Illicit Gain
- The Federal Integrity Commission: mandate, structure and limits
- Illicit gain in Iraqi law: definition, proof and penalty
- The financial disclosure form: who must file and when
- Reporting a corruption offence: where to go and what happens next
- The investigation route in integrity cases: the Commission, the investigative judge and the public prosecution
- Integrity courts: the cases they hear and the limits of their jurisdiction
- Recovering corruption proceeds: the recovery department, the Iraq Funds Recovery Fund and return of illicit gain
- Conflict of interest for public officials under the Integrity Commission Law
- Challenging procedures and decisions in integrity cases
- Integrity cases versus ordinary criminal complaints
- Sale, lease, and the recording of title
- What a landlord reviews before and after a lease in Baghdad
- Sale or mortgage and the real-estate tax step in governorates not organised in a region
- Ending co-ownership of shared property
- Acquisitive possession of property and the passage of time
- Real Estate Registration Departments in Baghdad, Karkh and Rusafa
- Real estate registration filings in Basrah
- A building permit from Amanat Baghdad or the municipality
- Commercial shop lease and key money (khuluw / jadak)
- Contractor duties and building defects under the Civil Code
- Contractor delay, defects and the decennial warranty
- Encroachment on state and municipal property and the removal path
- An eviction claim for unpaid rent
- Expropriation for public benefit and compensation
- Ownership of floors, apartments and common parts
- Sale of property under an irrevocable power of attorney
- Changing the land category from agricultural to residential or commercial
- An insurance mortgage and enforcement attachment of property
- Buying a residential unit off-plan in investment complexes
- Preemption of property: who may claim it and when the claim is not heard
- A promise to sell and how it differs from a completed sale
- Foreign ownership of Iraqi property: registration routes
- Managing Iraqi property for an owner living abroad
- Transferring Iraqi property ownership at the land registry
- How to read an Iraqi property title document before buying
- Writing a residential lease and lodging copies within thirty days
- Amanat Baghdad municipal violations and challenging its decisions
- Recovery of debts
- Dealing with a bank
- A tax assessment and its review
- An investment licence
- When to approach the Baghdad Investment Commission, and when the National Investment Commission?
- Industrial investment land in Basrah under the Investment Law
- Free Zones Authority Law No. 3 of 1998
- How is an investment licence applied for, and who grants it?
- The Kurdistan Board of Investment and an investment licence in the Region
- The legal framework for setting up a factory or industrial project in Iraq
- Property Claims Commission
- The Property Claims Commission: who goes to it and the limits of its jurisdiction
- Filing a claim for return of property or compensation
- Documents needed for a property claim before the commission
- Objecting to and appealing commission decisions
- Enforcing a commission decision at the land registry
- The commission claim versus an ownership case in the court of first instance
- Properties covered and properties outside jurisdiction
- Compensation instead of return: when it arises
- Heirs and the right to a property claim
- Time limits in real property claims
- Agricultural Land and Disposal Rights
- The disposal right over amiri land: meaning, scope and transfer
- Selling and assigning the disposal right over amiri land
- The musataha contract in Iraqi law and its relation to amiri land
- Approvals from the agriculture directorate and other authorities in agricultural land transactions
- Dividing an orchard or shared agricultural land, and boundaries
- Encroachment on agricultural land and the holder's actions
- Reclaiming state agricultural land and its transfer to graduates under Law No. 24 of 2013
- Agrarian Reform Law No. 117 of 1970 in force: ceilings, distribution and recipients' obligations
- Drilling artesian wells for agricultural projects in Iraq
- Pledging and attaching the disposal right over amiri land
- Waqf Endowments
- The Sunni Endowment Office: jurisdiction and property transactions
- The Shia Endowment Office: jurisdiction and property transactions
- The Office of Endowments of the Christian, Yazidi and Sabean Mandaean Religions
- Leasing endowed property: the competent body and the form of the contract
- Substitution of endowed property and its consideration
- Trusteeship of an endowment and removal of the trustee
- Registering endowed property with the Real Estate Registration Directorate
- Disputes over the status or boundaries of an endowment
- Building on or altering endowed property
- Challenging decisions of the competent endowment office
- Recording a company with the Companies Registrar
- Obligations that recur after a company is recorded
- The address of a company or branch, a lease and a title deed
- Registering a company in Basra: which department is approached, and what differs from Baghdad?
- Company forms under the Iraqi Companies Law
- What is required of the company after the certificate of incorporation is issued?
- Amending the company contract, changing the managing director and transferring shares
- Bankruptcy and protective composition under the Commercial Law
- Disclosure of the beneficial owner in Iraqi companies
- Bills of exchange and promissory notes, and their enforcement
- Recording an individual merchant in the commercial register and at the chamber of commerce
- The company contract and internal rules: the function of each document
- The company name before the Registrar of Companies
- The Competition and Anti-Monopoly Law and the Competition Council
- Consumer protection and company advertising
- A contracting company and the contractor-classification identity
- An online shop and selling on social media: registration and obligations
- Electronic registration of a company through the Registrar's platform
- The evidential force of electronic contracts and signatures for companies
- Withholding from amounts due to a foreign contractor or company
- A foreign-brand franchise: company structure and the commercial-agency licence
- General assembly meetings, quorum and minutes
- General partnerships and simple companies
- Holding companies in the Companies Law after the 2019 amendment
- Registering an information-technology or software company
- The managing director of a limited company: authority and responsibility
- Merger of a company and transformation of its type
- Partner disputes, a request for liquidation, and a challenge to general-assembly decisions
- Powers of attorney and delegation in company dealings
- Private and mixed joint-stock companies
- Documents for an application to form a company before the Registrar
- A limited company with a single owner
- A sole proprietorship or a limited company?
- Suretyship in company contracts
- Registering a company in Erbil before the registration body in the Region
- The General Directorate for Companies Registration in the Kurdistan Region: what differs in the path?
- Short definitions: a sole proprietorship, a trademark, and an investment licence
- What did Law No. 17 of 2019 change in forming an Iraqi company?
- When can the Registrar of Companies refuse an incorporation application, and what must the refusal say?
- What should be checked legally before buying into an Iraqi company?
- Liquidating an Iraqi company and striking it off: the steps after the liquidation decision
- Forming a company in Sulaymaniyah or Duhok before the Region's companies directorate
- A branch of a company formed outside Iraq
- Closing a foreign-company branch: liquidation and strike-off
- When is a branch chosen, and when is an Iraqi limited company chosen?
- A branch, a subsidiary and a representative office, and what may differ in the Region
- What did the 2023 and 2025 amendments change in Iraq's Foreign Company Branches Regulation?
- Can an unregistered foreign company operate or open an office in Iraq?
- A mark that distinguishes a product or service
- Distribution of goods under a commercial agency
- Enrolling a worker in social security
- The employer's duties in workers' social security
- Opening a social-security file at the first hire after a company is formed
- Objecting to decisions of the workers' social-security department
- The reach of Law No. 18 of 2023: which groups fall under Iraq's workers' social security
- Social security clearance when closing a business or liquidating a foreign branch
- When does an insured worker become entitled to a pension under Law No. 18 of 2023?
- A work permit for a person who is not Iraqi
- Preparing the wording of a contract
- Drafting a contract when dealing in Basra
- What does the Civil Code govern in a contract?
- Points to review in a contract before signing
- A consultancy contract, and how it differs from a contract of employment
- Drafting a commercial franchise contract
- The governing law and the language of a contract with a foreign party
- Unforeseen hardship and rescission of a contract
- Installment sales and the seller's retention of title
- Agreed compensation, and when it may be reduced
- Drafting an arbitration clause: recurring mistakes and how to avoid them
- Reviewing a contract drawn up in more than one language
- Contracting with a public body after a tender
- Reading a statute that is in force
- How to search for an Iraqi statute in the Legislation Database
- Official references for federal law and Kurdistan Region legislation
- When should the official wording be quoted, and what is its authority?
- What recent changes are confirmed in labour, social security and companies law?
- Does the same rule apply in Baghdad, the Kurdistan Region and Basrah?
- Import, Customs and Ports
- Oil, Gas, Electricity and Energy Projects
- Foreign NGO Registration
- Legal Profession and Foreign Lawyers
- Nationality, Civil Status and Passports
- The national card: issue and correction of data
- The Iraqi nationality certificate: when it is asked for and what replaced it
- The Iraqi passport: issue, renewal and damaged passports
- Correcting a name or surname in the civil record
- Registering births, marriages and deaths in the civil record
- Naturalisation as an Iraqi national under the Nationality Law
- Loss, renunciation and recovery of Iraqi nationality
- The civil record, family record copies and the effect of death on the record
- Residence of foreign nationals in Iraq under Residency of Foreigners Law No. 76 of 2017
- Challenging decisions of the nationality and residence authorities
- Military Service and Deferment
- The Military Service Law: Who Is Covered
- Study Deferment from Military Service
- Exemption from Military Service under the Statutory Grounds
- Absence from Service: Legal Description and Effects
- Reserve Service and Recall
- Rights of the Conscript during Service: Salary and Leave
- Service Completion Certificate and Documents
- Challenging Recruitment Office Decisions
- Returnees and the Service Duty
- The Military Service Law versus the Military Service and Retirement Law
- Notary Public and Attestations
Legal awareness
- What did the Second Amendment to the Political Prisoners Foundation Law, Law No. 10 of 2025, change?
- The Political Prisoners Welfare Fund: what was established in 2025?
- What did Law No. 23 of 2024 change in the Martyrs Foundation Law?
- The repealed Martyrs Foundation Law No. 3 of 2006: what replaced it?
- Retirement file papers and common reasons for delay
- Pension contributions and the deduction from a civil servant’s salary
- Transferring a pension after death or between banks
- The Supreme Administrative Court in Iraq: the challenge and the time limit
- Grievance against an administrative decision in Iraq
- When is a State employee referred to the courts under the discipline law?
- Political Prisoners Foundation vs Martyrs Foundation: which body handles your file?
- Compensation for those injured in terrorist operations: who hears the claim, and what is examined?
- Retirement procedures for public employees: which law applies, and how is the file completed?
- When is a State decision challenged before the Administrative Judiciary Court?
- Injury worsened after the decision: what are the options?
- Practical scenarios in compensation files
- From the subcommittee’s recommendation to payment of compensation
- Instructions No. 4 of 2018 facilitating implementation of the compensation law